Among adverse impacts of mood disorder in children and adolescent that must get great attention is suicidal behavior. The most recent year for complete death records of the United States Vital Statistics is 2003. The age-adjusted rate of suicide for 15- to 24-year-olds was 9.5 per 100,000, a rate lower than that of 10.5 per 100,000 for all ages. In recent years, the rates of youth suicide have decreased. For example, the rate of suicide for 15- to 24-year-olds in 2003 was less than that of 11.1 per 100,000 in 1998 and 12.4 per 100,000 in 1979. The age-adjusted suicide rate for 15- to 24-year-olds in 2003 is significantly higher than the age-adjusted suicide rate of 0.6 per 100,000 for 5- to 14-year-olds in 2003.
Suicide among 15- to 24-year-olds was the third leading cause of death, and in 5- to 14-year-olds the fifth leading cause in 2003. In 2003, there were 3,921 suicides among 15- to 24-year olds and 255 suicides among 5- to 14-year-olds. The recent decrease in youth suicide rates may be related to better identification of youth at risk and more effective treatments.
Suicide rates in the United States in 2003 were highest among white males of all ages.The age-adjusted suicide rates for white males were followed by those for nonwhite males, white females, and nonwhite females. From 1986 to 1991, suicide among black youths increased more rapidly than among white youths. This trend may be attributed to assimilation and loss of traditional cultural support among black youths, as well as higher risk that is associated with increases in social class. Rates of suicide are highest among Native Americans and especially among those with high rates of loss of traditional cultural values, unemployment, and alcohol abuse.
Compliance of relatives in removing firearms from the home is problematic and a challenge to strategies for suicide prevention. Rates of suicide caused by firearms for all ages in 2003 were 5.9 per 100,000. This is the leading cause of completed suicide among youth. Other leading causes of suicide among youth are hanging and poisoning.
Reliable national data for suicide attempts do not exist because there is no national registry for suicide attempts. Information about youth nonsuicidal behavior has been derived from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. A nationally representative sample of 1,270 high school students in ninth through twelfth grades in the United States completed this survey. Approximately 20% of the students had serious suicidal ideation, with rates of approximately 25% for females and approximately 14% for males in 1999. In the year prior to completing this survey, approximately 8% of the students attempted suicide at least once, with females (10.8%) attempting more than males (5.7%).
Approximately 3% of the students sustained serious injury when they attempted suicide. Other reports indicated that approximately 1% of preadolescents living in the community carried out a recent suicide attempt and approximately 34% of adolescent psychiatric inpatients were psychiatrically hospitalized due to a recent suicide attempt. Suicide among children and adolescents who had a history of psychiatric hospitalization occurs approximately nine times more often than among children and adolescents in the community.
Treatment of mood disorders as in major depression can be performed holistically to prevent a development of suicidal behavior. Combination farmacotherapy, light therapy, Psychotherapy such as cognitive and behavior therapy, group therapy, family therapy and other is expected can prevent suicidal tought is realized.
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